Jinnah was an Indian politician who led Pakistan for the first time and successfully pushed for its independence. There, he is referred to as the "Great Leader" or Quaid-e-Azam.
On December 25, 1876, Mohammed Ali Jinnah was born in Karachi, which is now in Pakistan but was once a part of British-ruled India. His father was a successful Muslim trader.
Jinnah studied at Bombay University and at Lincoln's Inn in England. He later operated a prosperous law firm in Mumbai. When he joined the Muslim League in 1913, he was already a part of the Indian National Congress, which was fighting for independence from British control. In 1916, he was elected president of the league, which had been established a few years previously to protect the rights of Indian Muslims in a nation that was largely Hindu.
The Indian National Congress began a campaign of non-cooperation in 1920 to oppose all facets of British authority. Jinnah criticized this strategy and withdrew from congress. Congress and the Muslim League now had significant disputes.
The congress declined to join coalition governments with the Muslim League in mixed areas following the 1937 provincial elections. Hindu and Muslim relations started to deteriorate. The first formal call for the division of India and the establishment of a Muslim state of Pakistan was made in 1940 during a Muslim League meeting in Lahore. Jinnah always thought Hindu and Muslim unity was feasible, but he slowly came to realize that separation was required to protect the rights of Indian Muslims.
On August 14, 1947, Pakistan was established as a separate country as a result of his persistence on this subject during discussions with the British administration. This took place in the midst of the intense conflict between Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs as well as a massive population transfer between the newly formed states of Pakistan and India, which resulted in hundreds of thousands of fatalities.
Jinnah was appointed Pakistan's first governor general before passing away from TB on September 11, 1948.
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